據(jù)能源世界網(wǎng)7月21日東京報(bào)道，根據(jù)日本最新能源政策的一份草案顯示，日本將提高其2030年電力結(jié)構(gòu)中可再生能源的比例，以推動(dòng)減少排放，以履行有關(guān)氣候變化的國(guó)際協(xié)議的承諾。
日本修訂后的基本能源戰(zhàn)略沒(méi)有改變其核電目標(biāo)，盡管2011年福島(Fukushima)災(zāi)難后，日本一直難以讓核電行業(yè)恢復(fù)其以前的核心地位。
據(jù)日本工業(yè)部周三發(fā)布的政策草案稱，到2030年，可再生能源在電力供應(yīng)中的占比應(yīng)達(dá)到36%~38%，比截至2020年3月的財(cái)年18%的水平翻了一番。早些時(shí)候的目標(biāo)是到2030年可再生能源占電力的比例達(dá)到22%~24%。
根據(jù)新的計(jì)劃，最臟的化石燃料——煤炭的使用量將從26%減少到19 %。
以進(jìn)口液化天然氣的形式進(jìn)入日本的天然氣，將占到日本目標(biāo)能源結(jié)構(gòu)中化石燃料部分的大部分，這一比例從56%降至41%。
日本的核目標(biāo)維持在 20%~22%不變。草案稱，到2030年，氫和氨等新燃料將占電力結(jié)構(gòu)的1%左右。
據(jù)日本工業(yè)部的一位官員表示，隨著應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的緊迫性增加，修訂后的2030年能源計(jì)劃是一個(gè)“雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃”，而不是過(guò)去的“理想愿景”。
今年4月，日本將2030年削減碳排放的目標(biāo)幾乎翻了一倍，從2013年的26%提高到46%，以應(yīng)對(duì)來(lái)自美國(guó)的壓力，因世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出席了美國(guó)總統(tǒng)拜登主持的氣候峰會(huì)。
許多專家表示，在福島核事故發(fā)生后，這一目標(biāo)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。福島核事故暴露了行業(yè)和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的缺陷，并導(dǎo)致日本所有反應(yīng)堆關(guān)閉，導(dǎo)致公眾輿論發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變。
目前有9座反應(yīng)堆在運(yùn)行，這是自災(zāi)難發(fā)生以來(lái)的最高數(shù)字。該國(guó)此前有54座可運(yùn)行的反應(yīng)堆。
該草案沒(méi)有提到建造新的核電站或更換核電站，一些工業(yè)和企業(yè)高管曾敦促政府包括這些核電站。
該草案稱，日本的目標(biāo)是在提高可再生能源發(fā)電能力的同時(shí)，盡可能減少對(duì)核電的依賴，但核電仍將是重要的基本負(fù)荷電源。
該國(guó)工業(yè)部拒絕就修訂后的能源計(jì)劃何時(shí)敲定置評(píng)。政府每三到四年修訂一次其基本能源計(jì)劃。
郝芬 譯自 能源世界網(wǎng)
原文如下:
Japan boosts renewable energy target for 2030 energy mix
Japan will raise its target for renewable energy in the country's electricity mix for 2030 as it pushes to cut emissions to meet commitments under international agreements on climate change, according to a draft of its latest energy policy.
The country's revised basic energy strategy leaves unchanged its target for nuclear power, even though the country has struggled to return the industry to its former central role after the Fukushima disaster of 2011.
The industry ministry's policy draft released on Wednesday says renewables should account for 36-38% of power supplies in 2030, double the level of 18% in the financial year to March 2020. The earlier target was for renewables to contribute 22-24% of electricity in 2030.
The use of coal, the dirtiest fossil fuel, will be reduced to 19% from 26% under the new plan.
Gas, which comes to Japan in the form of imported liquefied natural gas, will make up most of the rest of the fossil fuel portion of the target energy mix, which was set at 41%, down from 56%.
Japan's nuclear target was left unchanged at 20-22%. New fuels like hydrogen and ammonia will account for about 1% of the electricity mix in 2030, the draft said.
As the urgency to tackle climate change grows, the revised 2030 energy plan is an "ambitious one", instead of "an ideal vision" as in the past, an official at the industry ministry said.
The change comes after Japan nearly doubled its 2030 target for cutting carbon emissions in April, to 46% from 26% on 2013 levels, responding to pressure from the United States as world leaders met for a climate summit hosted by U.S. President Joe Biden.
Many experts say the nuclear target will difficult to achieve in the wake of the Fukushima disaster which led to a big shift in public opinion after it exposed industry and regulator failings and led to the shutdown of all the country's reactors.
Nine reactors are operating now, the highest number since the disaster. The country had 54 operable reactors previously.
The draft did not mention building new nuclear plants or replacing plants, which some industry and corporate executives had urged the government to include.
Japan aims to reduce its reliance on nuclear power as much as possible while it boosts renewable power capacity, but nuclear power will remain as an important base-load power source, the draft says.
The industry ministry declined to comment on when the revised energy plan will be finalised. The government revises its basic energy plan once every three to four years.
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