???? 據美國鉆井網站2021年2月23日奧斯陸報道，挪威著名能源研究和商業情報公司雷斯塔能源公司（Rystad）指出，去年全球5大石油巨頭埃克森美孚公司、英國石油公司、殼牌公司、雪佛龍公司和道達爾公司共虧損創紀錄的760億美元。

????Rystad指出，，由于這些超級石油巨頭重新評估他們的戰略，把重點放在能源轉型和減少對石油的依賴上，其中690億美元的凈虧損主要來自資產減值和銷帳。Rystad指出，5大石油巨頭去年都出現了凈虧損，其中埃克森美孚公司虧損最多，達到224億美元，其次是殼牌公司和英國石油公司，虧損也超過200億美元。Rystad表示，相對而言，道達爾公司和雪佛龍公司的表現要好于同行，凈虧損為50億至60億美元。

????Rystad強調，所有石油巨頭在去年都提高了杠桿率，英國石油公司和殼牌公司在去年底都把杠桿率提高到30%以上。Rystad指出，埃克森美孚公司和雪佛龍公司在去年均增加了創紀錄的債務數額，分別增加了190億美元和180億美元的凈債務。Rystad補充說，這兩個石油巨頭在去年把他們的杠桿率提高了10%。

????Rystad透露，與前一年相比，去年這5大石油巨頭的油氣總產量下降了近5%或90萬桶油當量/天。更低的排放目標和對更清潔的能源的需求大大影響了石油巨頭長期生產的前景。

????Rystad上游分析師拉胡爾·喬杜里在一份公司聲明中表示，“去年無疑是對油氣巨頭前所未有的考驗。”

????“由于需求反彈和油價突破60美元大關，需求預計在不久的將來會出現一些復蘇。然而，未來十年5大石油巨頭成功的關鍵將是加強他們在更具彈性的地區業務，重組和調整規模以適應市場需求，并償還他們的高債務水平。” 喬杜里如是說。

????李峻 編譯自 美國鉆井網站

????原文如下：

????Big Oil Posts Record Loss in 2020

????Rystad Energy has highlighted that the five integrated supermajors – ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM), BP (NYSE: BP), Shell (NYSE: RDS.A), Chevron (NYSE: CVX), and Total (NYSE: TOT) – posted a combined record loss of $76 billion in 2020.

????Rystad noted that the major chunk of this loss, $69 billion, can be attributed to asset impairments and write-offs as the supermajors re-evaluated their strategy to focus on the energy transition and become less dependent on petroleum. All five majors reported net losses last year, with ExxonMobil reporting the largest at $22.4 billion, followed by Shell and BP which also incurred losses of more than $20 billion, Rystad outlined. The company said Total and Chevron fared better than their peers, relatively speaking, reporting net losses of $5 billion to $6 billion.

????Rystad highlighted that all the majors had their gearing ratio raised in 2020, with BP and Shell both ending the year with a gearing above the 30 percent mark. ExxonMobil and Chevron raised a record amount of debt during the year, adding $19 billion and $18 billion respectively to their net debt, Rystad outlined, adding that both majors increased their gearing ratio by ten percent in 2020.

????The combined oil and gas output of the five majors dropped by nearly five percent, or 0.9 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, in 2020, compared from the year before, Rystad revealed. Lower emission targets and demand for cleaner energy have significantly impacted the long-term production outlook for the majors, according to Rystad,

????“Last year has certainly tested oil and gas majors like never before,” Rahul Choudhary, an upstream analyst at Rystad Energy, said in a company statement.

????“Some recovery can be expected in the near future as demand rebounds and oil prices cross the $60 mark. However, the key to success for the five majors over the next decade will be to strengthen their business in more resilient regions, restructure and resize to match the market needs, and pay back their high debt levels,” he added.