據(jù)天然氣加工新聞網(wǎng)2021年12月28日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)能源信息署（EIA）最新公布的月度石油供應(yīng)貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2021年上半年，美國(guó)原油和石油產(chǎn)品出口量比進(jìn)口量多12萬(wàn)桶/天，不到原油和石油產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口總量的1%。

直到2020年上半年時(shí)美國(guó)是一個(gè)原油和石油產(chǎn)品的凈進(jìn)口國(guó)(進(jìn)口大于出口)，美國(guó)在2020年上半年變成了一個(gè)原油和石油產(chǎn)品凈出口國(guó)(出口大于進(jìn)口)，平均每天多出口43.2萬(wàn)桶。 2021年上半年，美國(guó)第二次成為石油凈出口國(guó)。 自2011年以來(lái)，美國(guó)一直是石油產(chǎn)品的凈出口國(guó)。

美國(guó)出口的成品油要多于原油。 2021年上半年，石油產(chǎn)品出口量平均為550萬(wàn)桶/天，高于2020年上半年的530萬(wàn)桶/天。 石油產(chǎn)品出口包括車用汽油、餾分油和丙烷出口。 2020年，以運(yùn)輸燃料油為主的部分成品油(餾分燃料油、車用汽油、航空煤油)進(jìn)出口總量比2019年有所下降。 

由于亞洲對(duì)丙烷的需求增加，而美國(guó)對(duì)丙烷的需求減少，丙烷出口增加。按數(shù)量計(jì)算，丙烷出口量現(xiàn)在超過(guò)了餾分燃料油出口量，成為美國(guó)最主要的石油產(chǎn)品出口商品。 2021年上半年，石油產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口量均高于2020年上半年和2019年上半年的水平。

美國(guó)進(jìn)口的原油比石油產(chǎn)品要多。 2021年上半年，美國(guó)原油凈進(jìn)口量為290萬(wàn)桶/天。 自2017年以來(lái)，原油凈進(jìn)口量每年上半年都在下降，這主要反映了自2015年美國(guó)取消原油出口禁令以來(lái)，美國(guó)原油出口量的增加。 

2021年上半年，美國(guó)原油總出口量平均為300萬(wàn)桶/天，低于2020年上半年的320萬(wàn)桶/天。 這是自2015年出口禁令結(jié)束以來(lái)原油出口量首次減少，可能是受原油產(chǎn)量下降的驅(qū)動(dòng)。

2020年，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)應(yīng)對(duì)疫情影響，原油產(chǎn)量大幅下降。 美國(guó)原油總進(jìn)口量也有所下降，從2020年上半年的620萬(wàn)桶/天降至2021年上半年的590萬(wàn)桶/天。  

李峻 編譯自 天然氣加工新聞網(wǎng)

原文如下：

The U.S. exported slightly more petroleum than it imported in the first half of 2021

The EIA's Petroleum Supply Monthly trade data show that the U.S. exported more crude oil and petroleum products than it imported during the first half of 2021 by 120,000 bpd, or less than 1% of combined crude oil and petroleum product exports and imports. 

The U.S. was a net importer of crude oil and petroleum products (imported more than it exported) in the first of half of each year until the first half of 2020, when the U.S. became a net exporter (exported more than it imported) by 432,000 bpd of crude oil and petroleum products. This year marks only the second time the U.S. has been a net total petroleum exporter in the first half of the year. The U.S. has been a net exporter of petroleum products alone since 2011. 

The U.S. exports more refined petroleum products than it does crude oil. Petroleum product exports averaged 5.5 MMbpd in the first half of 2021, up from 5.3 MMbpd in the first half of last year. Exports of petroleum products include motor gasoline, distillate, and propane exports. Both imports and exports of select petroleum products mainly consumed as transportation fuels—distillate fuel oil, motor gasoline, and jet fuel—altogether decreased in 2020 compared with 2019. 

Propane exports increased in response to more demand for propane in Asia and less demand for propane in the U.S. Propane now surpasses distillate fuel oil as the most prevalent U.S. petroleum product export by volume. In the first half of 2021, both imports and exports of petroleum products increased above their levels in the first halves of 2020 and 2019. 

The U.S. imports more crude oil than it does petroleum products. The U.S. was a net importer of 2.9 MMbpd of crude oil in the first half of 2021. Net imports of crude oil have decreased in the first half of every year since 2017, primarily reflecting increasing U.S. exports of crude oil since the end of the U.S. crude oil export ban in 2015. 

Gross U.S. crude oil exports in the first half of 2021 averaged 3.0 MMbpd, down from 3.2 MMbpd in the first half of last year. This decrease was the first time exports decreased since the end of the export ban in 2015 and was likely driven by lower crude oil production, which decreased substantially in 2020 because of economic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Gross U.S. crude oil imports also fell, decreasing from 6.2 MMbpd in the first half of 2020 to 5.9 MMbpd in the first half of 2021. 

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