據海上工程師網2022年4月26日報道，全球管理咨詢公司麥肯錫公司在一份新報告中表示，隨著能源轉型的持續推進以及電動汽車的普及，全球石油需求可能在2025年達到峰值。

麥肯錫公司高級合伙人克里斯特·特里格加斯塔德表示：“過去幾年，我們確實看到能源轉型加快的步伐。每年我們都會發布這份報告，全球石油需求峰值正在臨近。根據我們的中間假設，全球石油需求甚至可能在未來三到五年內達到峰值，主要是由于電動汽車的采用和普及。”

“然而，即使所有凈零承諾的國家都實現了它們的愿望，全球氣候變暖預計仍將達到1.7攝氏度。” 特里格加斯塔德如是說。

據麥肯錫公司預計，到2050年前，可再生電力預計將增長3倍，到2030年前將占全球發電量的50%，到2050年前將占80%-90%。到2050年前，氫氣需求量預計將增長4-6倍，主要由公路運輸、海運和航空驅動。到2050年前，氫氣和氫氣衍生合成燃料預計將占全球最終能源消耗的10%。

麥肯錫說，快速的技術發展和供應鏈優化共同使太陽能的成本降低一半，而風能的成本也下降近三分之一。 因此，61%的新可再生能源裝機容量的價格已經低于化石燃料替代品。電池成本在過去4年也下降近一半。

全球石油需求預計將在未來三到五年內達到峰值，到2050年前，碳捕獲、利用和封存（CCUS）技術可能會從目前幾乎不存在的規模增長逾100倍，投資機會將超過目前的液化天然氣市場。  

麥肯錫公司表示，未來能源投資的增長將幾乎完全由可再生能源和脫碳技術推動。

此外，盡管各國政府和企業承諾到2050年前實現凈零排放，可再生能源系統達到85%，電動汽車和脫碳技術的快速更新，但全球氣候變暖預計將超過1.7攝氏度。  

李峻 編譯自 海上工程師網

原文如下：

Oil Demand Could Peak as Soon as 2025, McKinsey Says

Oil demand could peak as soon as 2025, as the energy transition continues to gain steam and as electric vehicle adoption increases, McKinsey & Company said in a new report.

Christer Tryggestad, a Senior Partner at McKinsey, says: “In the past few years, we have certainly seen the energy transition pick up pace. Every year we’ve published this report, peak oil demand has moved closer. Under our middle scenario assumptions, oil demand could even peak in the next three to five years, primarily driven by electric-vehicle adoption."

“However, even if all countries with net zero commitments deliver on their aspirations, global warming is still expected to reach 1.7°C. To keep the 1.5°C pathway in sight, even more ambitious acceleration is needed.”

According to McKinsey, renewables are projected to grow 3x by 2050, accounting for 50% of power generation globally already by 2030 and 80-90% by 2050. Hydrogen demand is expected to grow 4-6x by 2050, driven primarily by road transport, maritime, and aviation, and hydrogen and hydrogen-derived synfuels are expected to account for 10% of global final energy consumption by 2050.

Rapid technological developments and supply chain optimization have collectively halved the cost of solar, while wind costs have also fallen by almost one-third. As a result, 61% of new renewable capacity installation is already priced lower than fossil fuel alternatives. Battery costs have also fallen by nearly half in the past four year, McKinsey said.

Global oil demand is projected to peak in the next three to five years, and by 2050, CCUS could grow more than 100-fold from an almost non-existent footprint today, with investment opportunities exceeding LNG markets today.

According to McKinsey, future growth in energy investments will almost entirely be driven by renewables and decarbonisation technologies. 

Also, despite net-zero commitments from governments and corporations, and 85% renewable power system by 2050, and the rapid update of EVs and decarbonization technologies, global warming is projected to exceed 1.7 degrees.