國際能源署（IEA）署長法提赫·比羅爾：世界面臨著比上世紀(jì)70年代石油危機(jī)“嚴(yán)重得多”的能源危機(jī)  

早在20世紀(jì)70年代，那場(chǎng)危機(jī)僅僅與石油有關(guān)  

整個(gè)世界，尤其是歐洲，今年可能會(huì)面臨一個(gè)汽油、燃料油和航空煤油短缺的夏天  

據(jù)美國油價(jià)網(wǎng)5月31日?qǐng)?bào)道，國際能源署(IEA)署長比羅爾在5月31日發(fā)表的一篇采訪中對(duì)德國《明鏡》周刊記者表示，世界目前面臨的能源危機(jī)比上世紀(jì)70年代的石油危機(jī)“嚴(yán)重得多”。  

比羅爾告訴新聞媒體記者：“那時(shí)候，人們只關(guān)心石油?！薄艾F(xiàn)在我們同時(shí)面臨著石油危機(jī)、天然氣危機(jī)和電力危機(jī)?！北攘_爾強(qiáng)調(diào)表示。IEA成立于上世紀(jì)70年代阿拉伯石油禁運(yùn)的沖擊之后。

當(dāng)前的能源危機(jī)始于去年秋天，但沖突加劇以后讓情況變得更糟，因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)擔(dān)心大國能源供應(yīng)會(huì)中斷。

5月30日晚些時(shí)候，歐盟同意禁止從大國進(jìn)口大部分石油，但管道供應(yīng)暫時(shí)不受禁運(yùn)影響。這將進(jìn)一步收緊本已緊張的原油和石油產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)。

比羅爾告訴《明鏡周刊》記者，整個(gè)世界，尤其是歐洲，今年可能會(huì)面臨一個(gè)汽油、燃料油和航空煤油短缺的夏天。

比羅爾補(bǔ)充說，由于歐洲和美國主要節(jié)日季的開始，燃料需求將會(huì)上升。  

原油流動(dòng)的逆轉(zhuǎn)加劇了全球煉油廠產(chǎn)能的下降，導(dǎo)致包括美國在內(nèi)的石油產(chǎn)品庫存偏低。全球和美國的煉油廠供應(yīng)能力現(xiàn)在比疫情前降低了數(shù)百萬桶/天。

自疫情開始以來，美國約100萬桶/天的煉油廠產(chǎn)能已被永久關(guān)閉，因?yàn)闊捰蛷S選擇要么關(guān)閉虧損的設(shè)施，要么將其中一些設(shè)施轉(zhuǎn)化為生物燃料生產(chǎn)基地。在全球范圍內(nèi)，煉油產(chǎn)能也捉襟見肘，尤其是在包括美國在內(nèi)的西方買家不再進(jìn)口大國真空柴油(VGO)和其他將原油提煉成汽油、柴油和航空燃油所需的中間產(chǎn)品之后。

歐洲的燃料市場(chǎng)也非常緊張，而且在歐盟禁止從大國進(jìn)口大部分燃料后，市場(chǎng)還將進(jìn)一步緊張。  

李峻　編譯自　美國油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

IEA: Current Energy Crisis Is “Much Bigger” Than 1970s Oil Crunch

IEA Chief Birol: The world faces a “much bigger” energy crisis than the one of the 1970s.

Back in the 1970s, the crisis was just about oil.

Birol: The world, especially Europe, could face a summer of shortages of gasoline, fuel, and jet fuel.

The world faces a “much bigger” energy crisis than the one of the 1970s, the Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Fatih Birol, told German daily Der Spiegel in an interview published on Tuesday.

“Back then it was just about oil,” Birol told the news outlet. “Now we have an oil crisis, a gas crisis and an electricity crisis simultaneously,” said the head of the international agency created after the 1970s shock of the Arab oil embargo.

The energy crisis started in the autumn of last year, but the war made it much worse as the markets fear disruption to energy supply out ofthe world’s largest oil producer.

The EU agreed late on Monday to ban most of the imports of the world’s largest oil producer oil, leaving pipeline supply exempted from the embargo, for now. This will further tighten already tight crude and product markets.

The world, especially Europe, could face a summer of shortages of gasoline, fuel, and jet fuel, the IEA’s Birol told Der Spiegel.

Fuel demand is set to rise as the main holiday season in Europe and the United States begins, Birol added.  

Upended crude oil flows add to reduced global refinery capacity resulting in low inventories of products, including in the United States.

Refinery capacity for supply, globally and in the U.S, that is now a few million barrels per day lower than it was before the pandemic. 

Some 1 million bpd of refinery capacity in the U.S. has been shut permanently since the start of the pandemic, as refiners have opted to either close losing facilities or convert some of them into biofuel production sites. Globally, refinery capacity is also stretched thin, especially after Western buyers—including in the U.S.—are no longer importing Russian vacuum gas oil (VGO) and other intermediate products necessary for refining crude into gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. 

The fuel market is extremely tight in Europe, too, and is set to tighten further after the EU ban on most imports of the world’s largest oil producer.