據(jù)世界石油網(wǎng)2022年7月15日?qǐng)?bào)道，英國(guó)造船和海運(yùn)業(yè)分析機(jī)構(gòu)克拉克森研究公司（Clarksons Research）7月15日發(fā)布的今年上半年全球海上油氣市場(chǎng)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，全球海上油氣市場(chǎng)的活躍度、利用率和日收益率增加17%。

克拉克森研究公司總經(jīng)理史蒂夫·戈登在回顧了這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)以后作出如下評(píng)論：

今年上半年全球海上油氣市場(chǎng)綜合指數(shù)上漲17%，達(dá)到7年來(lái)最高水平

· 全球海上油氣市場(chǎng)繼續(xù)取得令人鼓舞的進(jìn)展，克拉克森海上指數(shù)（涵蓋鉆機(jī)、海上支援船和水下建造船的日費(fèi)率）在今年上半年上漲17%，達(dá)到7年來(lái)的最高水平，在去年全年28%的漲幅基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步上漲。作為背景，目前的綜合指數(shù)（74%）比10年峰值（2014年101%）低27%，而10年平均綜合指數(shù)為66%，10年最低綜合指數(shù)為44%（2017年）。  

· 石油價(jià)格環(huán)境（盡管近期有所下滑，但布倫特原油在今年上半年的平均價(jià)格為110美元/桶，為2013年以來(lái)的最高半年度價(jià)格)、海上活動(dòng)的增加以及合并、重組、有限的新建和正在進(jìn)行的移除對(duì)船隊(duì)供應(yīng)的多年影響，都支持了利用率和日費(fèi)率環(huán)境的改善。此外，對(duì)能源安全的日益關(guān)注也有助于項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)的某些要素。通脹壓力和全球宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況可能成為不利因素。 

今年上半年全球在用鉆機(jī)數(shù)增加6%，鉆機(jī)日費(fèi)率和利用率提高5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，我們的預(yù)測(cè)表明鉆機(jī)利用率將進(jìn)一步提高…… 

· 今年上半年全球鉆機(jī)需求增長(zhǎng)6%（自升式鉆機(jī)增長(zhǎng)3%至367部，浮式鉆機(jī)增長(zhǎng)14%至132部），到今年年中將達(dá)到499部，比去年年初增加11%。超深水浮式鉆機(jī)市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)緊張（水深≥ 7500英尺，利用率同比增加10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)），以及中東/ISC地區(qū)固井活動(dòng)加劇（上半年達(dá)成35份合約，同比增加>200%），導(dǎo)致6月底鉆機(jī)費(fèi)率指數(shù)在今年上半年上升24%，至104%，但仍比2014年初低38%。

· 今年上半年可移動(dòng)式海上鉆井裝置 （自升式和浮式）的綜合利用率上升5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，在7月初達(dá)到84% （自升式84%/浮式82%），在6月21日和20日分別上升11個(gè)百分點(diǎn)和6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，達(dá)到6月15日以來(lái)的最高水平。我們預(yù)計(jì)，到今年年底，自升式和浮式鉆機(jī)利用率將達(dá)到87%和88%，到2023年底前將分別達(dá)到90%和 93%。

· 如今，整個(gè)鉆機(jī)船隊(duì)規(guī)模比2018年小13%。 

海上支援船費(fèi)率指數(shù)上漲18%，自2021年初以來(lái)上漲了50%

· 全球海上支援船費(fèi)率指數(shù)在今年上半年增加18%，達(dá)到126點(diǎn)，自2021年初以來(lái)上漲53%，在一些地區(qū)，大型平臺(tái)供應(yīng)船費(fèi)率接近2014年前的低迷水平。三用工作船（AHTS）短期費(fèi)率的改善較為緩慢（上半年+12%），而超大型North AHTS即期日費(fèi)率在6月底飆升至驚人的17.375萬(wàn)英鎊，創(chuàng)下歷史新高。  

· 今年上半年全球海上支援船利用率上升4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，在7月初達(dá)到68%，比去年初上升11個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，但仍比2014年初低18個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。 預(yù)計(jì)到2023年底，海上支援船利用率將達(dá)到80%。 

· 自2018年初以來(lái)，海上支援船船隊(duì)的總規(guī)模縮減4%，減少到3500艘。  

· 擱置不用資產(chǎn)數(shù)量持續(xù)下降，海上支援船擱置不用數(shù)量自2015年以來(lái)首次低于800艘（但仍占船隊(duì)的23%）。由于市場(chǎng)繼續(xù)吃緊，海上支援船擱置不用數(shù)量可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步下降。 

· 進(jìn)入旺季，水下支援船市場(chǎng)開(kāi)始收緊，全球多用途支援船利用率在7月初上升到82%，為2014年以來(lái)的最高水平，而美國(guó)多用途支援船的利用率（今年年初以來(lái)+90%）和北海利用率（+20%）進(jìn)一步回升。 

強(qiáng)勁的S&P活動(dòng)，有限的新建訂單，F(xiàn)PSO授予活動(dòng)增加，預(yù)計(jì)今年將有16個(gè)新建訂單

· 全球海上油氣船隊(duì)新建活動(dòng)在今年上半年仍然非常有限，但移動(dòng)式海上生產(chǎn)裝置（包括FPSO）行業(yè)的情緒仍然樂(lè)觀（上半年5個(gè)訂單；我們預(yù)計(jì)今年全年將授出16個(gè)新建/轉(zhuǎn)換加上9個(gè)重新部署）將是2014年以來(lái)的最高水平。海上風(fēng)電繼續(xù)占海上新建活動(dòng)的50%，其中風(fēng)電安裝船 （上半年14個(gè)）和海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)運(yùn)維船（上半年12個(gè)）合同數(shù)量有望超過(guò)去年的總和。 

· 由于買(mǎi)家尋求定位市場(chǎng)好轉(zhuǎn)，今年上半年報(bào)告了150筆海上銷售，這是有史以來(lái)最強(qiáng)勁的一年開(kāi)始。今年上半年S&P活動(dòng)在鉆機(jī)領(lǐng)域明顯增加，因?yàn)橹袞|地區(qū)的業(yè)主擴(kuò)大了他們的船隊(duì)，共有27部自升式鉆機(jī)的銷量，已經(jīng)比2021年全年的銷量高出59%。 資產(chǎn)定價(jià)也開(kāi)始回升（我們的海上支援船二手價(jià)格指數(shù)今年迄今上漲39%，但仍比2014年初低53%）。 

李峻 編譯自 世界石油網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Offshore market up 17% to highest level for 7 years, Clarksons Research shows

Half-year data points for the offshore market released by Clarksons Research, profiling improving activity, utilization and day rates across the offshore oil and gas market, show the overall index is up 17%.

Reviewing the data, Steve Gordon, Managing Director of Clarksons Research, commented: 

Overall Index up 17% in 1H to highest level for seven years …

?Offshore markets continued to make encouraging progress with the cross segment Clarksons Offshore Index (covering Rigs, OSV and Subsea construction vessel dayrates) rising 17% across 1H 2022 to a seven year high, building further on the 28% improvement across 2021. For context, the current index (74) remains 27% below the ten year peak (101 in 2014) and compares to a ten year average of 66 and a ten year low of 44 (in 2017). 

?The oil price environment (despite recent softening, Brent averaged $110/bbl in 1H 22, the highest half-yearly av. since 2013), increasing offshore activity and the multi-year impacts on fleet supply of consolidation, restructuring, limited newbuilding and ongoing removals have all been supportive of the improving utilisation and day rate environment. In addition, the increasing focus on energy security has been supportive of some elements of project sanctioning. Inflationary pressures and global macro-economic conditions may become headwinds. 

Active rig count up 6% in 1H, day rates and utilization (+5 points) improving, our projections suggest further utilization improvements …

?Global rig demand increased by an encouraging 6% across 1H (jack-ups: +3% to 367, floaters: +14% to 132), reaching 499 active units by mid-year, 11% above start-21. Tight UDW floater markets (>=7,500ft utilization up 10pp y-o-y) and heightened fixing activity in the Middle East/ISC (35 contracts agreed in 1H, up >200% y-o-y) saw our Rig Rate Index rise 24% across 1H 22 to 104 points at end-June, though still 38% below start-14. 

?Combined MODU utilization (basis jack-ups and floaters) rose 5 points across 1H 22, reaching 84% (84% for JU / 82% Floater) at start-July, up 11pp and 6pp on start-21 and start-20 respectively, and at the highest level since Jun-15 (albeit still 10pp below start-14). We project that Rig utilization (see Offshore Drilling Rig Monthly) will reach 87% / 88% by end-22 and 90% / 93% by end-23 for JU / Floater. 

?Today the overall rig fleet is 13% smaller than it was in 2018, 

Overall OSV Rate Index up 18% across 1H and is now up >50% since the start of 2021…

?The Clarksons OSV Rate Index increased by 18% across 1H 22 to 126 points, up 53% since the start of 2021, with large PSV rates closing in on pre-2014 downturn levels in some regions. AHTS term rate improvements were slightly more gradual (+12% across 1H) although very large North AHTS spot rates surged to a spectacular ￡173,750/day in late June, a record high. 

?Global OSV utilization rose 4 points across 1H 22 to reach 68% at start-July, up 11pp on start-21, though still 18pp below start-14. We are projecting 80% utilization by end 2023 (see Offshore Support Vessel Monthly). 

?The overall OSV fleet has contracted by 4% since the start of 2018 to ~3,500 "boats" (AHTS >4,000 BHP, PSV > 1,000 dwt). 

?The number of laid-up assets continues to decline, with OSV lay-up falling below 800 units for the first time since 2015 (though it still equates to a significant 23% of the fleet). It seems likely that OSV lay-up will decline further as the market continues to tighten, although many long-term lay-ups are expected to have already been re-purposed for alternative markets or be scrapped 'in situ'. 

?Subsea support vessel markets have tightened moving into the peak season, with global MSV utilization rising to 82% at start-July, the highest level since 2014, while rates in the US (+c.90% since start-22) and the North Sea (+c.20%) have picked up further. 

Strong S&P activity, limited newbuild ordering, FPSO award activity ramping up with 16 projected for 2022 …

?Offshore oil & gas fleet newbuild activity remained very limited in 1H 22 though sentiment in the MOPU (including FPSO) sector remains bullish (5 orders in 1H; our projection for full year awards (16 newbuilds / conversions plus 9 redeployments) would be the highest since 2014). Offshore wind continues to account for c.50% of offshore newbuilding activity, with contracting in the WTIV (14 in 1H) & C/SOV (12) sectors on track to surpass totals seen last year. 

?150 offshore sales reported in 1H 22, the strongest start to a year on record, as buyers sought to position for the market upturn. S&P activity picked up notably in the rig sector in 1H, as Middle Eastern owners expanded their fleets, with 27 jack-up sales reported, already 59% above the full year 2021 total. Asset pricing has also begun to pick up (our OSV Secondhand Price Index is up 39% in the ytd, though still 53% below start-14).