丹麥風(fēng)能公司維斯塔斯今年9月宣布，它將建造一個(gè)陸上風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)塔，輪轂高度為199米  

巨大的風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)塔結(jié)構(gòu)有望幫助維斯塔斯獲得更強(qiáng)大、更恒定的風(fēng)力發(fā)電，以增加渦輪機(jī)的發(fā)電量

雖然維斯塔斯目前處于全球領(lǐng)先地位，但其他能源公司可能很快就會(huì)趕上來(lái)

據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)10月8日?qǐng)?bào)道，似乎每年可再生能源公司都在尋求生產(chǎn)比以往更大、更創(chuàng)新的風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)。由于政府和私營(yíng)企業(yè)向可再生能源的研發(fā)投入大量資金，可再生能源的運(yùn)營(yíng)正變得更加高效、成本更低、更容易擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。隨著丹麥維斯塔斯再次宣布其有史以來(lái)最高的風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)計(jì)劃，這將對(duì)風(fēng)能行業(yè)的未來(lái)意味著什么? 

各家能源公司都在競(jìng)相制造最具創(chuàng)新性的可再生能源設(shè)備，無(wú)論是續(xù)航里程最長(zhǎng)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)、功率最大的太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備，還是最高的風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)。隨著世界各國(guó)政府向支持從化石燃料向綠色能源轉(zhuǎn)型的能源公司提供激勵(lì)措施，全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)從未如此激烈。 

丹麥風(fēng)能公司維斯塔斯在今年9月份宣布，它將建造一個(gè)輪轂高度為199米的陸上風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)塔。該塔將與V172-7.2兆瓦渦輪模型一起使用。維斯塔斯表示，這是“目前世界上最高的陸上風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)塔”。維斯塔斯正與德國(guó)公司Max B?gl就該項(xiàng)目展開(kāi)合作，并計(jì)劃在德國(guó)和奧地利設(shè)立辦事處。 

這個(gè)巨大的風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)塔結(jié)構(gòu)有望幫助維斯塔斯獲得更強(qiáng)大、更恒定的風(fēng)力發(fā)電，以增加渦輪機(jī)的發(fā)電量。維斯塔斯表示：“特別是中歐的項(xiàng)目，其可用規(guī)劃空間通常受到限制，這對(duì)最大化綠色電力的生產(chǎn)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。”這個(gè)世界最高的陸上風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)塔計(jì)劃在2025年開(kāi)始運(yùn)營(yíng)。  

風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)的塔架對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)非常重要。機(jī)艙和葉片位于塔架的頂部，輪轂高度從地面測(cè)量到渦輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子的中部。美國(guó)能源部(DoE)日前強(qiáng)調(diào)了近幾年來(lái)全球渦輪機(jī)高度的顯著增長(zhǎng)，自1999年以來(lái)，陸上風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)輪轂高度增加了66%，到2021年達(dá)到94米。這表明，僅在今年，風(fēng)能技術(shù)就已經(jīng)取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，維斯塔斯的這個(gè)雄心勃勃的項(xiàng)目標(biāo)志著一個(gè)巨大的進(jìn)展。

然而，其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也必須隨著可再生能源運(yùn)營(yíng)的進(jìn)展而發(fā)展。例如，港口、高速公路和船舶必須適應(yīng)巨大的風(fēng)力發(fā)電結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是當(dāng)我們進(jìn)入一個(gè)“超大型”渦輪機(jī)的時(shí)代時(shí)。 

雖然維斯塔斯目前處于全球領(lǐng)先地位，但其他能源公司可能很快就會(huì)趕上來(lái)。考慮到2017年最高發(fā)電能力的海上渦輪機(jī)為8兆瓦，這是一個(gè)重大壯舉。  

與此同時(shí)，今年早些時(shí)候，德國(guó)可再生能源公司西門(mén)子歌美颯表示將向英國(guó)Moray West海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)交付60臺(tái)SG 14-222 DD海上風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)。每臺(tái)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)的發(fā)電能力為14.7兆瓦，并配備了額外的PowerBoost功能以提高性能。西門(mén)子將在其位于英格蘭東北部的赫爾工廠生產(chǎn)180臺(tái)B108 IntegralBlades海上風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)，每臺(tái)高108米。

在美國(guó)，其風(fēng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)正在追趕歐洲和亞洲的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。通用電氣可再生能源公司發(fā)布了其Haliade-X海上渦輪機(jī)，輪轂高度260米，葉片長(zhǎng)107米。通用電氣上個(gè)月在與西門(mén)子歌美颯的官司中敗訴，受到了打擊。波士頓的一名聯(lián)邦法官裁定，由于專(zhuān)利侵權(quán)，通用電氣不能再在美國(guó)生產(chǎn)、使用、銷(xiāo)售、進(jìn)口或安裝Haliade-X渦輪機(jī)。 

通用電氣被認(rèn)為侵犯了西門(mén)子歌美颯的413專(zhuān)利。法官認(rèn)為，如果通用電氣不被禁止侵犯該專(zhuān)利，西門(mén)子歌美颯將遭受“無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)的傷害”。通用電氣的兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目被排除在裁決之外——馬薩諸塞州的804兆瓦的葡萄園風(fēng)1號(hào)項(xiàng)目和新澤西州的1.1兆瓦的海洋風(fēng)1號(hào)項(xiàng)目——通用電氣將向西門(mén)子歌美颯支付每兆瓦額定容量3萬(wàn)美元的特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)。

但隨著白宮宣布到2035年海上浮式風(fēng)力發(fā)電能力達(dá)到15吉瓦的目標(biāo)，美國(guó)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)制造商之間開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新新設(shè)備的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。白宮的一份聲明概述道：“政府正在發(fā)起協(xié)調(diào)行動(dòng)，開(kāi)發(fā)新的海上浮式風(fēng)力平臺(tái)，這是一種新興的清潔能源技術(shù)，將幫助美國(guó)在海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電方面領(lǐng)先。”

由于風(fēng)能公司年復(fù)一年地推出新的和改進(jìn)的渦輪機(jī)，20兆瓦的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)沒(méi)有任何放緩的跡象。尚不確定規(guī)模或其他設(shè)備創(chuàng)新是否會(huì)在生產(chǎn)最多風(fēng)力發(fā)電的戰(zhàn)斗中獲勝，但風(fēng)電行業(yè)持續(xù)的投資意味著，獲勝者可能近在眼前。 

李峻 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Danish Company To Build World’s Tallest onshore Wind Turbine

·     Vestas, a Danish wind energy firm, announced in September that it would be establishing an onshore wind turbine tower with a hub height measuring 199 meters.

·     The giant structure is expected to help Vestas access stronger and more constant wind power, to increase the turbine’s electricity production.

·     While Vestas is out ahead at the moment, it may not be long until other energy companies catch up.

Every year it seems that renewable energy companies are looking to produce bigger, more innovative wind turbines than ever before. As governments and private firms pump funding into research and development in renewable energy, operations are becoming more efficient, lower cost, and easier to scale. With Danish firm Vestas once again announcing plans for its tallest-ever wind turbine, what will this mean for the future of the wind energy sector?

Companies are battling it out to create the most innovative renewable energy equipment, whether that be the longest-range EV, the most powerful solar PV, or the tallest wind turbine. With governments around the world offering incentives to energy firms supporting the transition from fossil fuels to green energy sources, the competition has never been stronger. 

Vestas, a Danish wind energy firm, announced in September that it would be establishing an onshore wind turbine tower with a hub height measuring 199 meters. The tower will be used with the V172-7.2MW turbine model. The firm said it is “currently the world’s tallest onshore tower for wind turbines.” Vestas is working hand in hand with German company Max B?gl on the project and plans to establish locations in Germany and Austria. 

The giant structure is expected to help Vestas access stronger and more constant wind power, to increase the turbine’s electricity production. The firm stated, “Especially for projects in Central Europe that are generally constrained in available planning space, this makes an important contribution to maximising the production of green electricity.” It plans to commence operations in 2025. 

The tower of a wind turbine is highly important to its structure, The nacelle and blades rest on top of the tower, with the hub height being measured from the ground to the middle of the turbine’s rotor. The U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) highlighted the significant growth in turbine height in recent years, with onshore hub height increasing by 66 percent since 1999, to 94 metres in 2021. This shows how far wind energy technology has come just this year, with Vestas’s highly ambitious project marking a huge development. 

However, other infrastructure will also have to be developed in line with progress in renewable energy operations. For example, ports, highways, and ships must be adapted to cope with the giant wind structures, particularly if we’re moving to an era of ‘super-sized’ turbines.

While Vestas is out ahead at the moment, it may not be long until other energy companies catch up.This is a significant feat considering that in 2017 the highest-capacity offshore turbine was 8 MW. 

Meanwhile, earlier this year, Siemens Gamesa said it would be delivering sixty SG 14-222 DD offshore wind turbines to the Moray West offshore wind farm in the UK. The wind turbines have a capacity of 14.7 MW eachand are armed with an additional PowerBoost feature to improve performance. Siemens will be producing 180 B108 IntegralBlades, each measuring 108 metres, in its Hull factory in northeast England.

In the U.S., its wind energy industry is catching up to the European and Asian competition. General Electric (GE) Renewable Energy has released its Haliade-X offshore turbine, with a 260-metre hub height and 107-metre blades. Although GE took a hit last month when it lost a court case against Siemens Gamesa. A U.S. federal judge in Boston ruled that GE could no longer make, use, offer for sale, import, or install the Haliade-X turbines in the U.S. due to patent infringement. 

GE was deemed to have infringed Siemens Gamesa’s ’413 patent. The judge believed that Siemens would suffer “irreparable injury if GE is not enjoined from infringing” the patent. Two GE projects were except from the ruling – the 804 MW Vineyard Wind 1 off Massachusetts and the 1.1 GW Ocean Wind 1 off New Jersey – where GE will be expected to pay Siemens royalties of $30,000 per megawatt of rated capacity for each of the 62 Haliade-X wind turbines installed.

But as the White House announces a target of 15 gigawatts of floating offshore wind capacity by 2035, competition amongst U.S. wind turbine manufacturers to develop innovative new equipment is likely to continue. A statement from the White House outlined, “The Administration is launching coordinated actions to develop new floating offshore wind platforms, an emerging clean energy technology that will help the United States lead on offshore wind.”

As wind energy companies are releasing new and improved turbines year after year, there is no sign of slowing in sight in the race to 20 MW. It is not certain whether size or other equipment innovations will win in the battle to produce the most wind power, but ongoing investment in the sector means the winner is likely not far away.