據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)12月3日消息稱，今年，美國(guó)成為世界上最大的液化天然氣(LNG)出口國(guó)，向歐洲和亞洲急需能源的買家提供的天然氣數(shù)量激增。今年，五家開發(fā)商簽署了20多份長(zhǎng)期協(xié)議，向歐洲和亞洲急需能源的買家提供超過(guò)3000萬(wàn)噸/年的液化天然氣。正如能源分析機(jī)構(gòu)RBN energy所指出的，第一波液化天然氣出口擴(kuò)張基本上進(jìn)展順利，這要?dú)w功于美國(guó)48個(gè)州天然氣供應(yīng)的快速增長(zhǎng)，以及一系列管道建設(shè)市場(chǎng)的逆轉(zhuǎn)和擴(kuò)張，使低成本的馬塞勒斯-尤蒂卡天然氣供應(yīng)能夠抵達(dá)墨西哥灣沿岸市場(chǎng)。但隨著液化天然氣需求已經(jīng)很高，并將以瘋狂的速度增長(zhǎng)，最大的問(wèn)題是美國(guó)能以多快的速度提高產(chǎn)量，以滿足未來(lái)的需求?

美國(guó)多家天然氣生產(chǎn)商簽署的長(zhǎng)期承購(gòu)協(xié)議并不缺乏。

今年6月，德國(guó)公用事業(yè)公司EnBW宣布與總部位于美國(guó)的出口商Venture Global簽署了一份為期20年的大量液化天然氣供應(yīng)協(xié)議。同月，雪佛龍公司與Venture Global和Tellurian Inc.簽署了年產(chǎn)400萬(wàn)噸的液化天然氣承購(gòu)協(xié)議。Tellurian公司與大宗商品貿(mào)易商維多集團(tuán)簽署了液化天然氣買賣協(xié)議（SPA）。7月，Cheniere Energy與泰國(guó)國(guó)有能源公司PTT簽署了承購(gòu)協(xié)議。去年9月，澳大利亞能源巨頭伍德賽德能源集團(tuán)最終敲定了從美國(guó)聯(lián)邦液化天然氣供應(yīng)的承購(gòu)協(xié)議。

曹海斌 摘譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

U.S. LNG Is Booming, But Who Supplies The Gas?

This year, the United States became the world's biggest liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter as deliveries to energy-starved buyers in Europe and Asia surged. In the current year, five developers have signed over 20 long-term deals to supply more than 30 million metric tons/year of LNG to energy-starved buyers in Europe and Asia. As energy analysts RBN Energy notes, the first wave of LNG export expansion has mostly gone smoothly thanks to fast-rising natural gas supplies in the Lower 48 and a slew of pipeline reversals and expansions that allowed low-cost Marcellus-Utica gas supplies to reach Gulf Coast markets. But with LNG demand already high and set to grow at a frenetic pace, the big question becomes how quickly can the United States ramp up production to meet future demand?

There’s been no shortage of long-term offtake deals signed by multiple U.S. gas producers.

In June, German utility EnBW announced that it had signed a 20-year deal for a substantial supply of LNG from U.S.-based exporter Venture Global. In the same month,Chevron Inc. (NYSE: CVX) signed a 4mtpa LNG offtake deal with Venture Global and Tellurian Inc. (NYSE: TELL) signed an LNG sales and purchase agreement (SPA) with commodity trader Vitol. In July, Cheniere Energy (NYSE: LNG) signed an offtake deal with Thailand's state-owned energy company PTT. Finally, in September, Australian energy giant Woodside Energy Group Ltd finalized offtake agreements for U.S. supply from Commonwealth LNG.