昆士蘭州已確定州內的12個可再生能源區(qū)域，并計劃投資于風能、太陽能和抽水蓄能項目

由于昆士蘭是澳大利亞最大的溫室氣體排放州，該項目將大大有助于實現(xiàn)澳大利亞的碳減排目標

這個超級電網(wǎng)計劃預計將在可再生能源、建筑業(yè)和相關領域創(chuàng)造大量工作機會，而當?shù)鼐用駥@得豐厚補償

據(jù)油價網(wǎng)7月22日報道，作為亞洲煤炭供應的主要來源，澳大利亞正在擴大其對可再生能源項目的興趣，并對一系列重大可再生能源項目抱有高度期望。澳大利亞已經(jīng)批準了幾個風能和太陽能項目，并預計澳大利亞將在未來十年成為一個主要的綠色氫能源中心。現(xiàn)在，昆士蘭州將擁有一個由可再生能源驅動的超級電網(wǎng)。

盡管繼續(xù)嚴重依賴化石燃料收入，但澳大利亞已宣布一系列雄心勃勃的氣候承諾。2022年，政府宣布將目標設定為到2035年實現(xiàn)80%的電力來自可再生能源。那時澳大利亞也期望結束對煤炭發(fā)電的依賴。澳大利亞希望到2050年實現(xiàn)凈零碳排放，并在2030年前將甲烷排放減少至少30%。

2022年9月，澳大利亞發(fā)布了其昆士蘭超級電網(wǎng)基礎設施藍圖，旨在實現(xiàn)該州的電力系統(tǒng)脫碳。該藍圖包括到2030年將昆士蘭州50%的能源來自可再生能源、支持全國從2005年水平減排30%的目標、提供競爭性定價的能源以及將煤電廠改造為可再生能源場所。

本月，昆士蘭州宣布確定了州內的12個可再生能源區(qū)域，這些區(qū)域將獲得其620億澳元的綠色能源投資的大部分資金。這些區(qū)域分為三個地區(qū)，其中南昆士蘭有五個區(qū)域，中部有四個區(qū)域，北部有三個區(qū)域。昆士蘭是澳大利亞最大的溫室氣體排放州，其中電力發(fā)電貢獻占這些排放的三分之一，這使得該項目變得更加必要。

政府還計劃大力投資風能、太陽能和抽水蓄能項目，所有這些項目都將于2035年前連接到新的可再生能源“超級電網(wǎng)”，包括儲能和輸電線路。預計到2035年，新的太陽能和風能裝機容量將增加約22吉瓦（GW），這將比目前混合化石燃料和可再生能源裝機容量的16吉瓦大幅增加。政府將與當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)進行磋商，召開專家小組，并進行一系列潛在項目評估，以確保獲得昆士蘭居民的支持。

昆士蘭州能源部長米克·德·布倫尼表示，這將是該州有史以來最大的經(jīng)濟轉型項目。他表示：“我們國家需要昆士蘭州成功轉型，政府需要帶領社區(qū)經(jīng)歷一個過程，并獲得對變革的支持。”他還補充說：“我們希望將昆士蘭州的轉型建立為全國最佳實踐案例。”

該項目預計將大幅提升該地區(qū)的就業(yè)機會，澳大利亞將新增大量的可再生能源、建筑業(yè)和其他相關就業(yè)崗位。這符合全球可再生能源就業(yè)崗位增加的趨勢，2021年全球可再生能源就業(yè)崗位增加了70萬個。盡管曾擔心能源就業(yè)市場（特別是在化石燃料行業(yè)）由于疫情和綠色轉型可能出現(xiàn)滯后，但預計在未來幾十年綠色能源行業(yè)將增加更多的就業(yè)崗位。

昆士蘭保護委員會主任戴夫·科普曼表示：“傳統(tǒng)土地所有者和社區(qū)參與設計自己的能源未來，保護我們的生物多樣性和豐富的文化遺產至關重要。”昆士蘭地方政府協(xié)會首席執(zhí)行官艾莉森·史密斯表示，“他們有權從這些大規(guī)模項目中獲得經(jīng)濟和社會利益的公平份額”。

政府似乎對此問題非常重視。由于引入了一項旨在加速綠色轉型的新框架，昆士蘭州的土地所有者預計將獲得豐厚補償以接受在其名下土地上架設輸電線路，其中4.5億澳元用于該項補償。電網(wǎng)公司Powerlink的超級電網(wǎng)土地所有者支付框架將為接納新的輸電基礎設施的土地所有者提供約每公里30萬澳元的費用。這遠高于其他州如新南威爾士和維多利亞州向土地所有者提供的費用。該公司還預計將對位于新基礎設施旁邊的土地所有者進行補償。

如果順利實施，昆士蘭超級電網(wǎng)將為其他州和國家提供一個可供借鑒的藍圖。這個雄心勃勃的項目預計將改變該州的面貌，支持逐步減少對煤炭的依賴，而澳大利亞目前仍嚴重依賴煤炭，同時在該地區(qū)提供數(shù)千個新的工作機會。這個超級電網(wǎng)還將大大有助于澳大利亞的碳減排目標和整體綠色轉型。

胡耀東 編譯自 油價網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Queensland's $62 Billion Green Energy SuperGrid Gambit

Queensland's government has identified 12 renewable energy zones across the state, with plans to invest in wind, solar, and pumped-hydro projects.

As Queensland is the biggest greenhouse gas emitter in Australia, this project will significantly contribute to Australia's carbon cutting targets.

The SuperGrid project is expected to create a large number of jobs in renewable energy, construction, and related sectors, while landowners are set to receive generous payments for hosting transmission lines on their property.

Australia, the source of much of Asia’s coal supply, is expanding its energy interests with high hopes for a range of major renewable energy projects. The government has already approved several wind and solar power operations and expects Australia to become a major green hydrogen hub in the next decade. And now the state of Queensland will become home to a SuperGrid, powered by renewables.

Despite continuing to rely heavily on revenues from fossil fuels, Australia has announced a range of ambitious climate pledges. In 2022, the government announced the target of generating 80 percent of its electricity from renewable energy by 2035. It also expects to end its reliance on coal generation for power by this time. Australia hopes to achieve net-zero caron emissions by 2050, cutting its methane emissions by at least 30 percent by 2030.

In September 2022, the Australian government published its Queensland SuperGrid Infrastructure Blueprint, aimed at decarbonising the state’s electricity system. The blueprint includes the target of 50 percent renewable energy for Queensland by 2030, support for the national aim of a 30 percent emissions reduction from 2005 levels, the provision of competitively priced energy, and transforming coal plants into renewable energy sites.

This month, the Queensland government announced it had identified 12 renewable energy zones across the state that will be awarded the bulk of its $62 billion green energy investment. The zones are divided into three regions, with five zones in southern Queensland, four in central and three in the north. Queensland is the biggest greenhouse gas emitter in Australia, with electricity generation contribution one-third of these emissions, making this project all the more necessary.

The Palaszczuk government aims to invest heavily in wind, solar, and pumped-hydro projects, all to be connected to the new “super grid” of renewable power, storage and transmission lines by 2035. Approximately 22 GW of new solar and wind capacity is expected to be added to the grid by 2035, an increase from the current mixed fossil fuel and renewable capacity of 16 GW. The government will consult with local communities, hold expert panels, and carry out a range of assessments for potential projects to ensure it gains the support of Queensland residents.

Mick de Brenni, Queensland’s minister for energy, renewables and hydrogen, said this this would be the biggest economic transition project the state had ever undergone. De Brenni stated “Our nation needs Queensland to succeed… There’s work to be done by governments to lead communities through a process and to develop that support for change.” He added, “We want to establish Queensland’s transition as a best-practice case study for the nation.”

The project is expected to massively boost jobs in the region, with Australia adding a wide range of renewable energy jobs, as well as construction and other related jobs. This follows a global trend for renewable energy jobs, having seen a global increase of 700,000 jobs in renewable energy in 2021. While there were fears of the energy job market faltering, following the pandemic and due to a green transition, primarily in the fossil fuel industry, many more jobs are expected to be added in the green energy sector in the coming decades.

The director of the Queensland Conservation Council, Dave Copeman, stated “It’s essential that traditional owners and communities are involved in designing their own energy future and protecting our biodiversity and rich cultural heritage.” While the CEO of the Local Government Association of Queensland, Alison Smith, said it’s only right that they benefit from their fair share of the economic and social benefits that will come from these large-scale projects.”

And it seems like the government is taking this issue seriously. Landowners in the stated are expected to get generous payments for accepting transmission lines in their back yard thanks to a new framework introduced to accelerate the green transition, with $450 million earmarked for landowners. The SuperGrid Landholder Payment framework from the company Powerlink will provide around $300,000 a kilometre to landowners that host new transmission infrastructure. This is far higher than the amount offered to landowners in other states, such as New South Wales and Victoria. The firm is also expected to compensate landowners with properties next to the new infrastructure.

If carried out successfully, the Queensland SuperGrid could offer a blueprint for other states and countries to follow. The ambitious project is expected to transform the state, support a transition away from coal – on which Australia continues to rely heavily, and provide thousands of new jobs in the region. The SuperGrid will also contribute heavily to Australia’s carbon cutting targets and its overall green transition